Both The French And Russian Revolutions Occurred Because Of Two Main R

Both the French and Russian unrests happened due to two fundamental reasons. Both of these transformations were the immediate aftereffects of awful administration and a terrible economy. These two reasons alongside different components caused both of these unrests. Despite the fact that they were both comparative, they likewise had contrasts. A distinction between the two is that the Russians had a fruitless pre-upheaval in 1905. Another contrast between these two upheavals is the way that the French turned towards a majority rules system while the Russian government got socialist. In 1905 , Russia had a prerevolution that was put down of the Czar. Rather than gaining from this prerevolution, Czar Nicholas II, committed a major error by in not acquainting a few changes with right the issues. So on account of his activities, the circumstance deteriorated. In 1917, the Russians were battling in World War I. A decent larger part of the Russian individuals were fatigued and uncontent wit h the manner in which the war was going and with the Czar's standard. This uncontent alongside monetary difficulties made uproars and exhibits break out. The Czar required the military to put down the insurgency as they did in 1905. Be that as it may, the military joined the revolt and the Czar was kicked out of intensity soon subsequently. An impermanent government was set up to settle on what sort of government Russia was going to set up. Two ideological groups were set up. The Bolsheviks were one of the two. The pioneer of the Bolshevik party was a man named Lenin. Lenin was a firm adherent of the speculations and thoughts of Karl Marx. So with his trademark of Bread, Peace and Land, Lenin picked up the help of the workers and dealt with Russia and arrangement a socialist state. The French transformation was likewise brought about by an awful ruler and a terrible economy. During the mid 1780's a major percent of yearly spending plan went towards lord Louis XVI's luxurious bequest at Versailles. France likewise had no national bank, no paper cash, no methods of getting more cash, and an out-dated assessment framework which just burdened the poor who had no cash in the first place. Indications of insurgency previously showed up when the workers raged the stronghold known as the Bastille searching for black powder. The Bastille occurrence set off rebellions all over France and Louis was before long removed afterwards.A law based goverment was arrangement instead of the old monarcy. A convention called the Declaration of the Rights of Man and resident filled in as a reason for the progressive french pioneers. The French set up a legislature where a chosen authoritative gathering met every year. It additionally comprised of a chosen legal executive and an official headed by the ruler (The lord had no genuine force and just filled in as a figure head). Both the French and Russian upheavals had comparable causes yet wound up with various outcomes. Both of these na tions had diverse inward factors which cause the outcomes. The Russians had Lenin and the French had the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. I might likewise want to bring up 1 greater closeness between these two insurgencies and that is the way that both Czar Nicholas II and King Louis XVI were executed not long after the progressives took power [1].It's only odd to perceive how two comparable nations with such a significant number of comparative explanations behind revolting would wind up with so altogether different governments.

Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh

Little scope fish cultivating in Bangladesh Introduction For some individuals in Bangladesh little scope fish cultivating is a significant chance to create salary and is a critical wholesome source giving protein-rich food throughout the entire year. It involves a scope of alternatives that can be adjusted to suit the necessities and limit of individuals living in rustic Bangladesh. The two methodologies generally actualized from a more minor perspective are: †¢ Local lake fish cultivating Open water fish cultivating in lakes, waterways, dams and repositories The advantage to low-pay ranchers is that they can put resources into fish development when there is adequate pay, which will at that point have the option to create extra pay and food when different wellsprings of pay are restricted. Quite a bit of Bangladesh is overwhelmed every year during the storm season as water streams into the nation through the Ganga (Ganges), Brahmaputra and Meghna waterways. This gives a broad sc ope of natural surroundings for wild and developed fish species.Fish gets are most noteworthy after the storm downpours when supplies of different nourishments, for example, rice, are low. With so much water, angling assumes a fundamental job in the economy of provincial towns. Fish cultivating alternatives Capital escalated One of the fundamental patterns in fish culture over late years has been towards capital-serious, high-input high return frameworks, which can significantly improve the pace of creation whenever worked in perfect conditions. The advancement of functional incubating methods has immensely improved fish development and permitted cautious rearing and choice of wanted species to take place.Although these strategies were acquainted with Bangladesh a few years back, it possesses taken energy for them to get built up. Economically created fish have become a noteworthy extent of the all out fish gracefully. In any case, escalated development techniques increment the expe nse of fish creation past the span of less fortunate ranchers. Therefore, elective minimal effort approaches have been advanced by NGOs working in the nation. Fish cultivating for the poorAn huge assortment of water bodies, including streams, water system trenches, flood fields, beels (huge discouragements), bull bow lakes and lakes are scattered all through Bangladesh offering extensive potential for fish development, yet a general absence of capital, access to assets and information implies that numerous ranchers can't give all the business inputs required for serious creation strategies. An elective ease approach is increasingly suitable for some, individuals, depending on existing water bodies and regular vegetation and family squander, enhanced with creature protein as snails and hand crafted supplements for fish feed.Many NGOs are embracing techniques to limit the innate danger of fish culture by attempted examination into low-input frameworks, ease innovation, quickly develop ing species and elective administration rehearses. Lake culture Site determination is a significant factor in the achievement of a fish ranch yet the perfect site is generally not accessible to more unfortunate families. Site area will be reliant on various elements: †¢ The fish species being raised. †¢ Soil quality, which influences water quality and profitability. †¢ A sufficient gracefully of water. †¢ Land possession. Commercial center and economic situations. †¢ Fish food and different sources of info accessible to the rancher. †¢ Groups contiguous water. †¢ More than 1 meter water maintenance limit with respect to in any event a half year of the year. †¢ Pollution free. In a perfect world, the fishpond ought to be 0. 5 to 1. 0 meters at the shallow end and inclining to 1. 5 to 2 . 0 meters at the channel end. Channel vales, perplex sheets or tilt-over standpipes ought to be fused into the plan. It should be conceivable to deplete the lak e inside three days. The edges of the lake ought to have a slant of 2:1 or 3:1 on all sides.If conceivable the lake ought to be situated to exploit the impact of the breeze on the outside of the lake to blend the water; in spite of the fact that areas that are too breezy can cause disintegration of dykes. In the event that the site is blustery the long side of the lake ought to be at right edges to the predominant breeze. Fences and trees can be utilized to secure the lake. Practically speaking, existing lakes and pools are inexhaustible in Bangladesh, frequently situated close to farmers’ homes. Little scope fish development is primarily an auxiliary occupation for ranchers. These lakes will in general be little (under 0. 5 sections of land) and don't have any water channel office. They are generally alluded to as fishponds yet are in actuality â€Å"borrow pits†, where earth has been expelled for building. Fish breading is only one of the exercises that the lakes are utilized for. Different utilizations may incorporate household water use, washing, water system or duck keeping. Lakes are at times coordinated into paddy fields as extra discard. Therefore, the lakes have numerous impediments for creating fish. In dealing with the lakes there are numerous potential issues to be thought of, including: †¢ Broken lake banks; check the lake dividers all the time. An unpredictable water gracefully, an excessive amount of water in the storm season and excessively little in the mid year. †¢ Predators; check the lake for indications of snake and rodent openings. The Boal fish is a specific hazard that eats littler fish. †¢ Grazing creatures can harm the lake banks and ought to be kept off the beaten path. †¢ Silting or a development of natural issue; check the base of the lake and scoop residue out when required. Mud on the base of the lakes can be upset with a rope to discharge destructive gasses. †¢ Leakage; check the delta and outlet all the time. Fish sicknesses; check the fish all the time. †¢ Poor water quality; lime can be added to improve the water quality. Untamed water fish cultivating Open water fish cultivating is especially fit to Bangladesh with its many water sources. Pens or pens are utilized to isolate a territory of bigger water bodies for fish development. The chose water source ought to be of acceptable quality with low turbidity. Dams and repositories essentially exist to store water however as an auxiliary capacity these waterways can be supplied with fingerlings or fry and the fish can be reaped later on utilizing nets.In stream areas a moderate flow is important and there ought to be little aggravation from water traffic. The detriments are: †¢ Fish ranchers have little control of the water, as they don't possess the dam or supply. †¢ Water can't be depleted, as the fundamental capacity of the asset is to give water. †¢ There are probably going to be more predators of the fish in the water. †¢ It is beyond the realm of imagination to expect to take care of or treat the water, as happens in increasingly serious fish cultivating, so there is a dependence on normally happening fish food. There is a potential hazard from sickness yet stock held in little scope confines spread around towns will most likely be less helpless than stock held in progressively thought and brought together business frameworks. †¢ The hazard from robbery and vandalism is a significant issue in certain spots. This is particularly genuine for the least fortunate individuals who are seen as simple casualties. †¢ A critical development of confine culture exercises in certain towns could prompt neighborhood exhaustion of snail or different nourishments, to the hindrance of ducks and other residential and wild creatures. †¢ Multiple responsibility for can be a significant downside to the powerful utilization of such resources.Consensus over access to the wa ter for the poor must be created. Figure 2: Bilkish Begum and Hamida Begum working with fish confines (Photo credit: Practical Action/Zul) Fish confines Cages are utilized as a type of cultivating in their own privilege inside streaming or enormous waterways and can likewise be utilized in little lake fish culture to secure fingerlings in the underlying phases of improvement. Little enclosures with a limit of one cubic meter are appropriate for fingerling insurance. The enclosure can hold up to 300 fish at once. Individuals develop fish in their neighborhood lakes utilizing a basic fish confine referred to locally as a â€Å"hapa†.A barely any youthful fish are placed into each â€Å"hapa†, which goes about as their home, skimming just underneath the outside of the lake. Confine development Cages can be made utilizing a couple of modest materials. Bamboo shafts structure an external casing that is canvassed in mesh; inside is a â€Å"nursery† segment for the mor e youthful, progressively fragile fish; and buoys are included at the corners. An enclosure is an exceptionally straightforward methods for controlling fish in one spot and it tends to be effortlessly made utilizing nearby materials. Pen configuration must join certain physical properties, including the capacity to hold fish safely yet in addition to be inside the money related methods for the pen operators.The confines by and by utilized are little in size, estimating somewhere in the range of 1 and 2m3, economical and easy to develop. Ranchers utilize both fixed and drifting pens. When all is said in done, fixed confines are introduced in water where the profundity is moderately low and bamboo posts can be fixed into the riverbed or substrate. Drifting confines don't have this restriction and can be utilized in profound water. Skimming confines will in general be simpler to oversee yet while choosing the sort and plan the accompanying focuses ought to be thought of: †¢ Abilit y †¢ Input accessibility †¢ Natural calamity †¢ Type of water body Water profundity †¢ Water ebb and flow †¢ Water maintenance period more than one year †¢ Social issue †¢ Cage the executives Fixed enclosures Fixed pens are extremely simple to build and just require a modest quantity of capital speculation. The materials expected to make fixed confines are netting with a 8mm work size, bamboo, rope, twine and sinker. Routine administration is hard for these enclosures and tempests, solid flows, flowing floods and flooding may cause harm if careful steps are not taken. Fixed pens are hard to move starting with one spot then onto the next during water fluctuation.A top spread is normally given on pens to decrease the danger of fish getting away, particularly in regions inclined to streak floods where water levels rise rapidly. A

Oasis or Blur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Desert garden or Blur - Essay Example Varying directions of Oasis and Blur In 1991, Oasis as and came to presence in the city of Manchester. The gathering was made out of Liam Gallagher, Paul Arthurs, McGuian, and McCarrol, to be joijned later by Noel Gallagher and was before known as ‘The rain’. Straightforwardness of music, created for the most part by Gallagher siblings, was one of the signs of the Oasis band. Likewise, the gathering began its triumph from almost nothing. Be that as it may, the gathering had confronted a few issues over the long haul essentially in view of the in-battles and even allegations of literary theft more than once which they needed to pay harms. Particularly, the propensity of Gallagher siblings to bring their insignificant kin battles to the newspaper, exacerbated with the wild ways of life has in the long run prompted the progressive disintegration of the band’s prominence. Rehashed live exhibitions without significant interims have additionally incurred significant dam age from the individuals from the band. The decadent way of life of the colleagues were significant purpose behind the group’s defeats. It is critical to take note of that Oasis’s music style was intensely interwoven with that of The Beatles, up to the degree to be named as fixation by the media. Obscure as an other music band was framed in London in 1989.

GRE Essay Examples To Help You Solve Common Writing Issues

GRE Essay Examples To Help You Solve Common Writing IssuesAs a student, you want to make the most of your GRE test preparation and ensure that your final exam delivers you the results you are expecting. Unfortunately, having the tools to create GRE essays is not an option for most students who study the test seriously but would have to sit for it at the moment.Therefore, there are various GRE essay examples to enable you to adapt to the material well. You just need to choose the best examples and you will find it very easy to apply the necessary ideas to your exam paper.The first way of creating GRE question papers is through low motivation. Whether this is the result of a bad day's studying or slow progress, it is just as important to assess and solve the issue. Hence, let's find the best essay examples to help you save your time.The best GRE essay examples can be found in studying resources that offer a sample of a typical GRE essay topic. Such resources include small print, vocabu lary and chapter summaries. Use these resources to your advantage to know what is in your hands. You need to analyze the content of the sample document and come up with your own content.The examples also show you how to come up with ordinary questions for a GRE that is in line with the subject being studied. In this way, you won't come up with mundane subjects. Instead, you can come up with work that is related to the topic and avoid looking at boring topics. You need to use the best examples in your applications and other projects.There are plenty of students who complain about the GRE writing sample that they end up using for several GRE tests. Some say that they end up using the sample paper because the practice tests are not satisfactory and do not show up the real thing. In this case, it is up to you to get the best examples and apply the techniques.In conclusion, GRE writing samples can be useful for solving common problems and to provide solutions that may surprise you. So, i f you are getting ready for your exam and want to save time, you need to think about taking advantage of these written examples. Make sure you take advantage of the best GRE issues and essays that are out there.

Essay Birth Defects - 857 Words

Birth defects, or congenital malformations, are the faulty formation of structures or body parts present at birth. Sporadic, hereditary, or acquired defects may be immediately observed or may become manifest later in life; they may be visible on the body surface or present internally. Birth defects may be life threatening and require surgical correction, or they may interfere with function or appearance. It is estimated that about 3% of all children are born with major defects; minor defects or variations are estimated to occur in 10% to 15% of births. Malformations may be single or multiple. Multiple malformations that occur in a regular recognizable pattern are referred to as syndromes--for example, the FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME sometimes†¦show more content†¦In cases of autosomal recessive inheritance, both parents are normal but each carries a silent, or recessive, gene that, if matched in an offspring, causes the birth defect. Because both parents are so-called carriers (heterozygotes) of the same abnormal gene, they run a 25% risk (1 in 4) of having a child with the birth defect caused by that particular gene. Examples of birth defects inherited in this autosomal recessive manner are TAY-SACHS DISEASE and SICKLE-CELL ANEMIA. In cases of X-linked recessive inheritance the abnormal gene is located on the X chromosome. The normal mother has two X chromosomes, one of which carries the gene for the abnormal condition; but if her son inherits her X chromosome with the abnormal gene, he will be affected with the condition. HEMOPHILIA is inherited in this matter. Multifactorial Defects Many common birth defects do not occur in a pattern that indicates simple Mendelian inheritance. They seem to result from an interaction of genes and the environment, including the intrauterine environment, and each factor includes a number of different hereditary and environmental influences; hence, these defects are called multifactorial. Among them are congenital heart disease; neural tube defects, including SPINA BIFIDA, myelomeningocele, and anencephaly; and CLUBFOOT, CLEFT LIP AND PALATE, and dislocated hips. Chromosome Number An increase or decrease in the total chromosome material can cause birth defects. ForShow MoreRelatedA Birth Defect1860 Words   |  8 Pagesdifferent recourses show that about 1 in 33 babies that are born in the U.S have a birth defect. I decided to use this known fact from the Human Biology thirteenth edition textbook by Sylvia S. Mader and Michael Windelpecht due to the fact that not many people know or even care to think about it— that is— unless it happened to them or someone in their own circle. In order to understand how to prevent and test for a birth defect you need to understand some common definitions and words that can be used whileRead MoreBirth Defects2486 Words   |  10 PagesBirth Defetc s No one is immune to birth defetc s, yet not everyone is equally susceptible. Birth defetc s are not merely a medical problem. They have profound effetc s on the social and psychological well being of their family and friends. In the normal course of fetal development, cells migrate to their appropriate destination so that organs and limbs form where they should. Usually, the genes perform flawlessly, but mistakes can and do occur. Some of the most common birth defetc sRead More Birth Defects Essays2443 Words   |  10 Pages Birth Defects No one is immune to birth defects, yet not everyone is equally susceptible. Birth defects are not merely a medical problem. They have profound effects on the social and psychological well being of their family and friends. In the normal course of fetal development, cells migrate to their appropriate destination so that organs and limbs form where they should. Usually, the genes perform flawlessly, but mistakes can and do occur. Some of the most common birth defects results from theRead MoreBirth Defects And Its Effects On Society1441 Words   |  6 Pages Sean Moren Mrs. Bumgarner English I Honors 5 May 2017 Studies have been completed, showing that 10% of birth defects are caused by chemicals in industrial products.(Birth Defects and Environmental Causes. ) The chemicals in industrial products come from many things, however, food is one of the largest contributors to birth defects. Therefore, it is important that consumers understand how the industry s use of chemicals can affect one’s, health through their use of packing, synthetic chemicalsRead MoreBirth Defects in differenct Cultures1229 Words   |  5 PagesIn many cultures, birth defects are considered a curse and are sought to be removed by some method: spiritually or by simply ignoring them. However, as science is improving and eyes are opening towards the topic of birth defects, more research has been conducted to understand and accept them. Since the 1960s, the federal government introduced ways that mentally ill patients could live outside a mental hospital, where they were confined from the general public, and live a normal life. Many communitiesRead More Congenital Birth Defects Essay2343 Words   |  10 PagesCongenital Birth Defects Birth defects, congenital abnormalities are terms used to describe developmental defects that are present at birth. There are a lot of genetic and environmental interactions in the complex transition from a fertilised ovum to a fully formed human being. The stage of development that the interactions are affected influences the type of birth defects. Birth defect causes can be divided into two types, genetic and environmental causes. There are also birth defects which areRead MoreCase Study on Birth Defects1284 Words   |  5 Pages1. How does the class-presented case study of birth defects draw together and demonstrate each of the goals of epidemiologists (15 points)? During class lecture on 4/4/2014, I learned about a case study regarding neural tube defects (NTD). The instructor, Amy Ham, discussed this study as well as various ways professionals apply the goals of epidemiology: â€Å" -To determine the extent of disease found in the community -To trace the etiology of disease -To study the natural history of disease inRead MoreThe Common Genetic Birth Defects1170 Words   |  5 PagesOne of the most common genetic birth defects is Down syndrome which is a congenital disorder caused from a chromosome defect. It causes impairments and physical abnormalities. This is a condition where a child is born with an extra copy of their 21st chromosome. According to the National Down Syndrome Society (NDSS), 1 in 700 babies are born with DS. There is not an exact cause of how DS happens but there is an explanation as to what happens. When there is any case of reproduction, genes from bothRead MoreThe Birth Of A Baby With Genetic Defects1744 Words   |  7 PagesScience has evolved rapidly, from paternal test, to vitro fertilization (IVF) and testing embryos for genetic defects; and recently talks of designer babies. The first genetically tested embryo was in the US in 2000 . With his birth, came a law in the UK, (which was where this baby was born) prohibiting th e creation of more of these babies. This law was created since the British Medical Association, Dr Vivienne Nathanson, said that these babies would feel as â€Å"medical products†. This law still remainsRead MoreThe Effects Of Birth Defects On The Development Of The Fetus899 Words   |  4 PagesPrenatal development is the process in which a human embryo or fetus gestates during pregnancy, from fertilization until birth (Prenatal Development). Most cases of unhealthy development can be avoided, however there are some genetic and environmental factors that cannot. Some genetic factors that affect the development of the fetus are Phenylketonuria, Sickle-cell Anemia, Tay-Sachs Disease, and Down Syndrome (Feldman 402). Some environmental teratogens that affect the development of the fetus are

The Ad Campaign By The Un Women Organization - 952 Words

The Ad campaign by the UN Women organisation began in March 2013 when two people, Memac Ogilvy Mather Dubai, who discovered widespread prevalence of sexism and discrimination against women, based on genuine searches on the search engine Google. The advertisements use four women from different cultures along with search results attached to their faces. Below each face there is a message by the UN in relation to the searches being depicted. To some extent most of the search results have been related to the cultural background of the person they have been attached to. The campaign became famous instantly as it brought up huge debates in the online communities along with highly reputable organisations covering it and giving their support to it. People even started to post their own searches based on the search terms as proof of the widespread racial and sexual discrimination against women. The creators have associated these advertisements to Google searches as a way of convincing people that these results have not been falsified and to prove to the viewers how women are being discriminated based on their gender and racial background. At first glance, it is clear to the viewer that these advertisements are using gender discrimination and stereotyping as a way of conveying their message against gender discrimination as four women have been placed into the advertisement with their mouths having been replaced by the google search bar and results. TheShow MoreRelatedGender Prejudices1361 Words   |  6 PagesPrejudices â€Å"Women need to..† is the first line featured in the new ad campaign for UN Women, an organization focusing on the gender equality and the empowerment of women. The ad features a woman with a Google search bar obscuring her mouth and autocomplete results for the incomplete phrase â€Å"women need to†¦Ã¢â‚¬  These include â€Å"women need to be put in their place†, â€Å"women need to know their place†, â€Å"women need to be controlled†, and â€Å"women need to be disciplined†. The small print of each ad also reads â€Å"ActualRead MoreUnilever And Proctor And Gamble1568 Words   |  7 Pagespartnerships with governments and NGOs would enhance efforts to increase sustainability and quality of life. Some of the most notable NGOs Unilever is partnered with include UNICEF, Save the Children, and Rainforest Alliance (Bartlett). These organizations were instrumental in developing strategies for Unilever’s Sustainable Living Plan. As opposed to strategic partnerships with NGOs, Proctor Gamble has a rich history in giving back to the communities they work in through their own corporatelyRead MoreBurger King Case Study1295 Words   |  6 Pages but beginning in the early 1980s, the companys advertising began to lose focus; a series of less successful ad campaigns created by a procession of advertising agencies continued for the next two decades. In 2003, Burger King hired the Miami-based advertising agency of  Crispin Porter + Bogusky  (CP+B). CP+B completely reorganized Burger Kings advertising with a series of new campaigns centered on a redesigned Burger King character accompanied with a new online presence. While highly successfulRead MoreThe Importance Of The Kelly Ayotte Campaign Essay1916 Words   |  8 PagesThe Kelly Ayotte campaign was a well-run organization and played a large role in getting the New Hampshire citizens to the voting booth. I was honored to serve with such great people from who c ame to New Hampshire from all over the country. These people like myself, wanted to hopefully help Kelly Ayotte get re-elected to the senate. The campaign headquarters was based out of a first floor office, located in the Brady Sullivan Tower in Manchester. I was a man of many tasks, and tried to help whereRead MoreHealth Promotion And Health Policies1904 Words   |  8 Pagesfactors ( geographic location, access to health services and technology etc)   The World Health Organisation is an international network that concerns with the wellbeing of those who are troubled with their health. The WHO organization deals with disease outbreaks, ensure maintenance of good health systems globally and not to mention the fact that is a member of the United Nations Development Group. 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The man-hating, bra burning, angry feminist stereotype is seen as the default of feminism. This is completely contrary to the reality of feminism and furthers the oppression of women by continuing to disregard their voices. Many different ideologies fall under the umbrella of feminism but at its root, the movement is an equalizer created to bring women to the social, political, and economic level of men in ourRead MoreEssay about Female Genital Mutilation1794 Words   |  8 Pageschildbirth when women who have been infibulated are at risk of prolonged labor, which may lead to fetal brain damage or fetal death (31-33) The number of girls and women who have suffered FGM is thought to be as high as 140 million, almost 6,000 new mutilations each day (English 203). This practice is often associated with the religion of Islam, and is most often performed in Middle Eastern and North African countries. In both of the African nations of Somalia and Djibouti, 98% of women have had this

Drama Smith Waits

Question: RULES: Only TWO (2) speaking characters are permitted. No more than two (2) additional, non-speaking characters are permitted. The setting is a WAITING ROOM. (Waiting for what, you get to decide.) At least one of your characters MUST MAKE A DECISION. (About what, you get to decide.) Pay close attention to your characters. How do they speak? How do they dress? What are their habits? Character should be expressed through action and dialogue. Answer: Smith Waits Characters: Smith, a young man of 20s Jane, an old woman of 70s The Unknown Man A Young Girl Act 1 Scene 1 The stage is bare and there are only few benches, all are empty. In front of those benches, there is a signboard, written Waiting Room. There is a man of around 20, who is sitting in a bench and is constantly having a look at the watch. He is wearing a trouser that is torn out and the shirts too, had few rusty stains, and at places, it too had torn out. There is a gate on the R, Jane, a woman of around 70, enters through RS, with a handbag and with a book in her hand. She started looking for a place to sit, when the young man makes a place for her. Jane: Thank you young man, I could not stand any more. Thank you for your help. What is your name? Young Man: My name is Smith Jones, maam. Jane: Oh! Good to meet you Smith, I mean Mr. Jones. Smith: Its okay maam, you can call me Smith. May I know your name? Jane: I am Jane and I prefer you call me Jane. Smith: Good to meet you Jane, so you arrived here just now? Jane: Yes. (She took a long sigh. After a few moments silence, she again started speaking). They gave me the tickets today only. For how long you are waiting here Smith? Smith: Oh, I have been waiting for a long time. So many people had arrived here and had moved on. (He stopped for a second. He searched his pockets and pulled out a cigarette and a matchbox) Do you mind if I smoke? Jane: Not at all, but the brand is quite old. As far as I know, it is not available in the market now. Smith: (grins) Oh, I can provide you with everything that is old. Jane: (she was sitting straight, now she laid back. She put her book in her bag. She was wearing a denim jeans and a white collared shirt. She gave a glance at the man and grins) You did not offer me a cigarette? Smith: (taken back by these words, pulled out the cigarette box again and offered it to her) You smoke! Jane: (taking a cigarette) Yeah! Smith: You are among those factory women, who are shouting for their rights? Saying that they should be allowed to wear jeans and allowed to smoke like the other men workers in the factory? Jane: (Surprisingly) No. A man entered the room, through RS and had a quick look at the room. Smith was sitting casually in the bench, suddenly he straightened his back. The man looked around everywhere, searchingly, for sometimes and then went out of the room. Smith sighed and again started waiting. Change of Scene Scene 2 The scene has changed although; the setting has remained the same. In the same Waiting Room there were few people scattered here and there. Some are sitting, while some are drowsing and some are having a blank at nowhere. Smith walking up and down, he was restless. Jane was quietly reading the book. She got irritated by Smiths action and put her book down. Jane: Why dont you sit down? Smith: (angrily punching his hands) I was waiting for a long time. How long..how long, do I have to wait? Jane: (Standing up and walking towards Smith) I think you will soon have a call, have faith. Smith: (looking straight at Jane) On whom? Jane: Ummmmm. (She was searching for an answer), well, ummm, may be on these people. Smith: (Laughing sarcastically) Well, you have arrived just now; you will not understand things now. At first, I too thought that these people here are efficient enough but they are actually no one. NO ONE, I tell you. (He stopped for a moment and took a big deep sigh) Actually, they too wait; they have to wait. As I said, they are NO ONE. Jane: (Tries to change the subject) So, what you like most? Smith: (Smiling) Poetry. Jane: (Surprisingly) Really, I too love poetry a lot. Who is your favorite poet? Smith: I love Shakespeares Sonnets, especially those that are written for the Dark Lady and few poems by John Donne. Jane: My sons favorite poet is John Donne. You know my son too loves to read poems a lot, and even in his busy schedule he make out time to read poems that he love the most. Smith: Actually, I forgot to bring the book of poems with me here, if it was with me I would not have felt that bored here. Jane: You know when my son feels bored he eats chocolates to come out of that boredom. You do not have any chocolate with you? Smith: Where will I get chocolate here? A girl of around 16 now enters the room; she was dressed in a red top and in blue jeans. She had a look in the room and went to the corner far from Mr. Smith and Jane. Change of Scene. Scene 3 The stage has remained the same, although now there is a young girl in the room. How many days have passed is not clear because, time seems to be in a standstill in this place. Smith is sitting in the front bench and smoking. Jane is talking with a young girl. The girl is tired and so Jane had made place for her so that she could lie down and sleep. The young girl lay down, and soon she started snoring. Jane slowly moved to the front stage. Smith: So, you had your talk? Jane: (Smiling) A very lovely talk I must say. You know she had brown eyes. Smith: So? Jane: My mother too had brown eyes. I used to adore those brown eyes. Smith: Your eyes too are very beautiful and quite adorable. Jane: (laughing) I too was quite adorable in my young age. Smith: (Laughing loudly) I have never grown old. (They both started laughing loudly) The man in the first scene again enters the stage; he walked straight towards Jane, and gave her a piece of paper. Jane had a quick glance at the paper, she looked very happy. Smith although looked quite disappointed. Jane: (Excited) Finally, you know Smith; finally, my mother has agreed to meet me. Actually, she had to meet many people. There were so many people, who had so many things to say to her. I told you, she was quite beautiful. She too was waiting for someone; the person has thankfully arrived early. Smith: Who was your mother? Jane: Oh, she worked as a secret agent during the Second World War. (Whispering) Well, I will not tell you for, which country she worked. (The man, who came started becoming restless). Smith: (Angrily) Oh come on move now. You had your call, off with you now. Jane: (Started moving towards the gate from where she has entered; she stopped and returned) Mr. Smith you did not told me for whom you are waiting? Smith: (Looking blankly) I am soldier who died in the Second World at the age of 21. I promised my love that I would return to her. She had waited for me and after her death also; she is waiting for me for an answer. (After taking a deep breath) I am waiting for the Lord, I want to know; of all the soldiers (Standing up) why it is ME? Jane laughed out loudly and walked out of the room. The man, who has come to escort her, too started laughing. They both exits and Smith waits. Curtain falls.

Men vs Woman Salaries free essay sample

The paper will analyze the differences between women and men salaries. The salaries are definitely higher for men than women in all age groups. Women with higher education will receive higher pay but not equal to men with the same years of experience due to gender, and education. The data statements that were found was that males work longer than females which may cause a lower percentage in salary for females, and that females do not negotiate salary as much as men. Another issue aused is that women in the workforce are less likely to work a full-time schedule, and leave the labor force for longer periods of time than men, which repress womens wages. These differing work patterns lead to an even larger earnings gap between men, and women suggesting that working women are penalized for their dual roles as wage earners, and those who disproportionately care for home and family. We will write a custom essay sample on Men vs Woman Salaries or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page We learned that the wage gap is a statistical indicator often used as an index of the status of womens earnings relative to mens. According to (Wage Gap, 2010) the age gap is expressed as a percentage in 2006, women earned 76. 6% as much as men, and it is calculated by dividing the median annual earnings for women by the median annual earnings for men. The (Wage Gap, 2010) website states that Equal Pay Act was signed in 1963, making it illegal for employers to pay unequal wages to men and women who was employed for the same Job and accomplished the same work. As stated by (Wage Gap, 2010) website that the event of the EPAs passage, women earned Just 58 cents for every dollar earned by men. It stated that in (Wage Gap, 2010) website that in 2006 the rate had only expand to 77 cents, an nhancement of less than half a penny a year. Minority women fare the worst. African American women earn Just 64 cents to every dollar earned by white men, and for Hispanic women whose fgure drops to merely 52 cents per dollars stated (Wage Gap, 2010). According to (Wage Gap, 2010) The wage gap between women and men cuts across a wide spectrum of occupations. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that in 2007 female financial advisors earned 53. % of the median weekly wages of male financial advisors, and women in sales occupations earned Just 64. 8% of mens wages in equivalent positions. Throughout the years females have been discussing salary differences. Women complain of having fewer opportunities to prove their knowledge, or experiences compare to opportunities granted to men. According to the U. S Department of Education, over the past two decades, women have made substantial educa tional progress. The large gaps between the educational levels of women and men that were evident in the early 1970s have essentially disappeared for the younger generation. Although they still lag behind males in mathematics and science achievement, high school females on average outperform males in reading nd writing. And take more credits in academic subjects. The U. S. Department of Education also revealed that females are more likely than males to attend college Center for Education Statistics, 1995). Some of the continuous complaints about executives with regards to female employees are that males are more likely to stay working for longer periods of time than females. Corporations are being forced to change its rules and regulations in order to follow governmentregulations that have been taking place with regards to equal opportunities, and equal pay to both, male and female. The National Center for Education Statistics reported that in 1993 that the average earnings of female high school graduates aged 25-34 were more than one-third lower than those of male graduates the same age. Similarly, female college graduates earn, on average, salaries that are 80 percent of what their male counterparts receive. (p. 3, 92). Differences in salaries between male and female will continue despite all rules and regulations. Female will need to be more aggressive in order to negotiate a better salary. Even though women are considered to be smarter than men in some opics such as math and reading, males still get higher salaries, even when females are as qualified for the Job as a male.

Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay Essays

Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay Essays Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay Paper Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay Paper Different Architecture of Romanesque and Gothic Inspired Buildings There have been legion pilgrims journeies made across France and Spain. each one merely every bit alone as the one before it. Along these paths there are an unmeasurable figure of brilliant churches and temples each with their ain history. architecture and art work. doing them really typical. Time and topographic point are of import influences of the design of these churches and temples when they were built ; this means that we have encountered tonss of distinguishable architectural types along our pilgrims journeies. I will analyze every bit good as comparison the similarities and differences of two types of architecture from the center ages called Romanesque and Gothic. Romanesque and Gothic architecture differ in many ways from how the exterior expressions to the temper on the interior to the sculptures. arch types and the clearstory. The two architectural types are different because they were influenced by the dif ferent forces environing them at the clip. The periods in clip when these architectures were being defined played an of import function in the result. Romanesque architecture started being used in the sixth century and finally evolved into Gothic architecture in the twelfth century which lasted until the sixteenth century. 1 We can see clear development of the distinguishable characteristics of Romanesque architecture morphing into Gothic architecture. During the twelfth century there are edifices incorporating characteristics of both Romanesque and Gothic architecture. As the edifices would take old ages to finish. the initial phases of the edifice would be Romanesque and the ulterior parts would be Gothic. I will look closely at two churches while besides touching on other churches that we have discussed this semester and compare their characteristics. St Sernin in Toulouse. France and Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres. France will stand for Romanesque and Gothic creditably. The church of St Sernin is the largest church in Toulouse. the 4th largest metropolis in France. and it is Romanesque architecture at its finest. Toulouse was one time portion of a part called Roman Gaul and the church was built during the clip of the Roman Empire. This is why we see Romanesque architecture throughout France and countries of Spain. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres. France is considered to be one of the most of import Gothic edifices. non merely along the pilgrims journey paths but in the universe. Unlike Toulouse. Chartres is a bantam small state town nevertheless. Notre Dame Cathedral is celebrated for its beautiful architecture. alone sculptures and awe inspiring discoloration glass Windowss. The outside of Romanesque architecture was built more for map than beauty. We find most of this architecture embedded in palaces where defense mechan ism was imperative. While defense mechanism wasn’t as of import for the churches we can still see this manner bing in many Romanesque churches. â€Å"The walls of Romanesque edifices are frequently of monolithic thickness with few relatively little openings† . 2 Having midst walls and little Windowss. the palaces were about impenetrable nevertheless this meant the design of the churches were comparatively simplistic when compared to Gothic edifices. When we look at St Sernin we able to place these characteristics. There are legion Windowss around the church nevertheless as St Sernin is a instead big Church you would anticipate to see more Windowss with other manners of architecture. The forepart of St Sernin has one big unit of ammunition window but the remainder of this facing is chiefly rock with few comparatively little Windowss. When we compare this to Gothic architecture we can see a important difference. When Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture the arches were no longer merely for prolonging the weight. they became more visually appealing. Gothic architecture came to be because of â€Å"a a lone combination of bing technologies†¦ Those engineerings were the ogival or pointed arch. the ribbed vault. and the winging buttress† . 3 These new engineerings meant that the exterior walls could be thinner and have more Windowss as the weight of the roof and upper degrees were better distributed through clustered columns. Having lighter walls and more Windowss and gaps led to more cosmetic and visually arresting edifices considered to be plants of art. Notre Dame Cathedral is an impressive work of art which uses all the new engineerings in exposing one of the finest illustrations of Gothic architecture. The frontage of the cathedral is high and good decorated. There is a brilliant unit of ammunition window which is the centre piece of the face which is surrounded by countless pointed arch Windowss designed to back up the weight. Unlike the church of St Sernin where most of the forepart wall was rock. Notre Dame’s forepart wall consists largely of Windowss. These exterior characteristics had a important imp act on the interior feel and temper of the edifices. The sum of light Lashkar-e-Taiba in by the two comparative architectural types has a batch to make with the feel and temper of the inside. When come ining different edifices one â€Å"can experience the difference between the [ two types of ] architecture† . 4 When it comes to the Romanesque manner of St Sernin. really small visible radiation is able to perforate the midst walls with small gaps which makes the interior temper experience dark and glooming. When you compare that to the Gothic Notre Dame. with its legion Windowss it has a wholly different feel. Alternatively of experiencing dark and gloomy like St Sernin. Notre Dame’s inside has a much lighter and a more inviting mood. ] Another specifying characteristic of Gothic architecture is one of the new engineerings. the pointed or ogival arches. This new manner of transporting the weight was radical as costs could be cut by holding more glass and less rock work. Structural â€Å"use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibleness to architectural signifier. it besides gave Gothic architecture a really different ocular character to Romanesque† . 5 These arches meant the ceiling could be made higher than before symbolizing an aspiration for Eden. All Gothic gaps such as Windowss. room accesss and galleries are made with pointed arches. The church at St Sernin is no exclusion to this regulation. Looking at the exterior of the edifice all you can see is pointed condescending doors and Windowss. It is the same one time you have entered the edifice. pointed archways running down both sides of church. Compared to Gothic architecture. Romanesque architecture was an out-of-date technique when it came to effici ency. Romanesque design wasn’t as advanced. alternatively of utilizing efficient pointed arches like Gothic designs ; rounded or semi circle arches were used for their arches. This is more efficient at keeping weight than a square room access but non every bit efficient as a pointed arch. To get the better of this failing of the rounded arches â€Å"instead of a individual unit of ammunition arch of rock to cross an opening†¦ [ they use ] countless arches† . 6 This manner the weight burden is spread over legion arches alternatively of a individual arch. When we look at the church in St Sernin the room accesss and Windowss are all rounded. The chief entryway has two big rounded room accesss. when we look closely we can see it isn’t a like the other arches. to transport the weight they have made the arch wider than the wall coming out a few pess. When we go inside we can see that on top of the rows of columns on the inside there are rounded arches. even the r oof is a rounded arch which is supported by moulded arches. Sculpture work that exists on the interior and outside of churches had two intents. Intricate sculpture works on the churches were visually appealing doing them more attractive to pilgrims and tourers and it was besides a manner of storytelling that was guaranteed to last every bit long as the church. Romanesque sculptures evolved over the old ages holding three distinguishable periods. A crude period. the 2nd period was marked by churrigueresque hyperbole and the concluding refinement and assimilative period. 7 This manner of sculpture work frequently depicts scenes of mundane life including both people and animate beings. While the scenes of the sculptures seldom altered. how they were depicted was. In the 2nd period â€Å" [ g ] rotesque figures of work forces and animate beings. and designs derived from vegetable kingdom†8 were common. As we move into the 3rd period word pictures are more realistic. At St Sernin there is an copiousness of Romanesque sculptures carved into the south portal. It is an early piece of Romanesque sculpture work as the topics of the art work are all regular in visual aspect. Over the south portal is a scene of Christ with the 12 apostles below looking up at him. This was a common adequate word picture of Christ in Romanesque design. a really similar piece had been carved on a different church carved twelve old ages earlier. The terminal of the Romanesque period flowed swimmingly into the new Gothic manner of sculpture work. While it continued the â€Å"tradition of Romanesque sculpture. but it changed in its iconography †¦ be givening towards a didactic representation of the most of import individuals and scenes in the Holy Scripture† . 9 Other common subjects are the 12 months and the marks of the zodiac. angels and saints. Gothic architecture took the already bing Romanesque architecture and channelled this into a more comprehensive and deliberate work of art with the ability to touch any single that gazes upon her art and for persons who understand Gothic sculpture have a deeper grasp. The facade at Notre Dame Cathedral has three magnificent room accesss. and above the Centre room access is a great word picture of Christ created utilizing a Gothic sculpture manner. Jesus is standing surrounded by an bird of Jove. bull. king of beasts and a winged adult male. Visitors are able to bask this work for its quality although those who understand the piece realise that the bird of Jove represents Saint John. the bull represents Saint Luke. the king of beasts represents Saint Mark and the winged adult male represents Saint Matthew. Gothic and Romanesque architecture dominated the in-between ages used to make brilliant churches. temples and palaces considered to be plants of art. Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture during the twelfth century. While these two types of architecture sometimes overlapped during the transitional period. Gothic and Romanesque architecture are like chalk and cheese when you examine themclosely. From the inventiveness of the design. the temper and feel of the inside. the ocular consequence of the outside and the beautiful sculpture work. Gothic architectures used all of the available engineerings available to them. so they were able to make constructions that Romanesque architectures could merely woolgather of. These new design methods meant that the interior temper has besides morphed ; Romanesque architecture had a moist and dark temper which evolved into the bright and ask foring Gothic architecture. Sculptures went from being monstrous figures in Romanesque architecture to a more defined and meaningful work of art in Gothic architecture. These two different manners of architecture may be different nevertheless they are still both rather capable of animating persons which means that they will be a finish for pilgrims and tourers for the old ages to come. BibliographyBrowne. Edith A. Romanesque Architecture ( Kessinger Publishing. 2005 ) Frankl. Paul. Gothic Architecture ( Yale University Press. 2000 ) Groce. Jenae. An Introduction to Gothic Architecture ( World Technologies. 2012 ) Morey. Charles R. . The Beginning of Romanesque Sculpture ( College Art Association. 1919 )

Benefits of stem cell research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Benefits of stem cell research - Essay Example There are three types of stem cells. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are derived from the embryo and are pluripotent: they have the potential to become all the different cell types of the body. Adult, or somatic, stem cells are found in organs or tissues, and are multipotent: they can differentiate to yield the specialized cell types comprising that particular organ or tissue and are important for maintenance and repair of the organ or tissue. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)  are adult cells that have been genetically reprogrammed to an embryonic stem cell–like state. The dual capacity of stem cells for self-renewal, and for differentiation into particular types of cells and tissues, offers great potential for regenerating failing body parts and curing diseases that have so far defied drug-based treatment (NIH, 2002). Advocates of stem cell research consider it to be mankind’s greatest hope of survival. At the other end of the spectrum are the detractors, who paint a doomsday scenario of â€Å"a  new world of â€Å"embryo farms† and â€Å"cloning mills† for the cultivation of human spare parts† (Weiss, n.d.). ... Bone marrow contains blood-forming stem cells (hematopoietic stem cells) that have been used for over four decades to treat blood cancers and other inherited blood disorders. Bone marrow transplants are able to permanently replace a patient’s diseased blood system and give the patient a new lease on life. Persons who have diseases of the bone marrow are injected with healthy hematopoietic stem cells that produce healthy blood cells, and replace the function of their own non-functioning bone marrow (NIH, 2002).   Umbilical cord blood, which is harvested from the umbilical cord of the baby after birth, is another source of hematopoietic stem cells that is being used in treatment. Cord blood is rich in a kind of stem cell that gives rise to oxygen-carrying red blood cells, disease-fighting white blood cells, and other parts of the blood and immune systems (Weiss, n.d.). The advantage of cord blood cells is that these stem cells can be frozen (‘cryopreserved’) in ce ll banks and later be used to treat children with cancerous blood disorders such as leukaemia, as well as genetic blood diseases like Fanconi anaemia. Another advantage of cord blood transplants is that they are less likely than conventional bone marrow transplants to be rejected by the immune system, or to result in a negative reaction such as  Graft versus Host Disease. (EuroStemCell, 2013). Unlike conventional blood transfusions, which provide only temporary volumes of cells which die in a few months and have to be replaced yet again, the stem cells found in bone marrow and cord blood can generate fresh blood and immune cells for a lifetime (Weiss, n.d.).More advanced techniques for collecting, or â€Å"harvesting,† hematopoietic stem cells are now used in order to treat leukemia, lymphoma,

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship Essay

Advantages and Disadvantages of Sole Proprietorship - Essay Example Assignment It is worthwhile to mention that Katy has a relatively better idea to initiate her personal furniture business as she could invest a considerable amount of 250,000 pounds. Indeed, commencing one’s own business is more feasible than investing this money in financial markets by purchasing bonds, stocks, saving certificates etc. Indeed, the reason behind this is the fact that today’s corporate world is highly unstable that in turn affects the financial markets. Secondly, low interest rates has also reduced the yield on financial products, hence income generated in above mentioned products may not be up to one’s expectations. As far as furniture business is concerned, it should be highlighted that people tend to purchase furniture (including dining tables, bedroom sets, cupboards, chairs, book shelves etc) for their households; therefore, the demand for furniture products is relatively inelastic and will exist because it is a human need. However, the purchasing power of a customer could affect the demand of designed and branded furniture products. In more simple words, Katy who is adept in designing and marketing should opt to commence her own business in the light of following costs and benefits analysis of each available business option including Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Limited liability partnership and Company formation. Katy could definitely make a rational business decision after reviewing the mentioned recommendations.

Morality and God Essay Example for Free

Morality and God Essay Morality only exists if we believe in God; therefore if God doesn’t exist there is no morality. There have been so many evil acts committed in the name of God that it is difficult to maintain that a belief in God equates to morality. There are situations that happen every day where decisions are made based off of human rights that contradict the word of God. Morality comes from within, it is an understanding of right versus wrong and the ability to choose what is right. Knowing all this a belief in God is not a requirement for a person to be moral. (Mosser, 2011) We are taught that morals are basically the difference between right and wrong. A child may be taught that stealing is wrong because it hurts the store owner and can ruin the child’s reputation. Or the child may be told that if they steal they will be punished because God is always watching. The child has learned the fundamental difference between right and wrong, even if the reasoning is different. This will allow the child to make moral decisions when they grow up whether it is based off of human compassion or fear of God. If we accept that the child understands right from wrong regardless of their reason, we accept that God is not a requirement to be a moral person. If a person observes an act of violence or torture, they are morally required to stop it. In biblical times these acts were not only accepted but encouraged by the bible. Today, a person would not ignore these things simply because they did not believe in God. There are human rights that we believe each person is entitled to and someone with good morals would help out another person in need because it is the right thing to do. If it turned out that God does not exist, violence and torture would not suddenly become acceptable. (Mosser, 2011) Mass acceptance of a belief does not make it right. Ancient religions that believed in numerous gods have been pushed aside as fairy tales, for the more widely accepted belief in a single God. During their time those gods were prayed to just as fervently as today’s God. What was accepted as true back then is now known as a fable, and the laws of the day have been wiped away and replaced with our modern laws. These laws were put in to place to punish people who do wrong to others. They have become the moral balance. If you do wrong you will be punished, if you continue to do what is right you will live unmolested and enjoy your freedoms. God is not a requirement for someone to act morally, because there are earthly punishments for crimes. There is no right or wrong without God because He determines what is right and wrong. Moral standards cannot be enforced without God to ensure that we are punished or rewarded for our acts. Someone who does not believe in God may change their morals to whatever suits them at the time. We have been given guidelines by God on what is morally acceptable, and informed of the punishment that comes with being immoral. When an individual does not believe in God they cannot be a moral person, because they have no moral standards. (Millard, A. 2000) The Ten Commandments give us a basic understanding of what is right and wrong. These Commandments along with various scriptures from the bible determine which acts are moral and which are immoral. An individual who witnesses a crime but does not believe in God can simply decide that they are not responsible for stopping the crime. This may lead one to believe that if a non-believer does something right that they have morals. This is not the case, because they could just as easily do wrong and their conscience would have been just as clear. They have no moral compass to tell them that this act is leading them astray from God. (Riskin, S. 2007) If one does not believe in God they cannot know right from wrong and cannot do what is right because they do not have the understanding. The lack of a belief in God means that rules do not have to be followed. If you do not fear the wrath of God, there is nothing to stop you from committing immoral acts, or any crimes for that matter. Any situation can be overlooked because there is no fear of punishment without a fear of God. Only a person with a firm belief in God can be considered moral because they fear His punishment and desire his reward. God is the only person great enough to enforce moral standards, without his guidance there can be no binding morals. Moral standards come from God and without Him a person cannot be moral. When we talk in absolutes we ignore possibilities that exist outside of our beliefs. There are many examples of individuals that believed in God who acted immorally, as well as examples of people who do not believe in God acting with good morals. Their beliefs do not determine their morality, their acts do. If we are to base morality solely on a belief in God then which believer do we follow? Do we follow the believer who commits crimes, or only the believer who is an upstanding member of society? Adolf Hitler was raised as a Catholic, and in his adult life spoke of his religious beliefs. He wanted to create a pure Germany, through a religion known as positive Christianity. Positive Christianity removed the Jewish elements from the standard Christianity doctrine and replaced them with Nazi philosophy. More than six million Jewish people were killed during the Holocaust in the ideal of positive Christianity. Bill Gates is noted as saying he does not know if there is a God or not, yet he donates billions of dollars to Charity every year. The foundation he formed with his wife to address extreme poverty and poor health in third world countries has brought attention and relief to millions of people across the globe. These acts were not done in the hopes that they would be rewarded, but instead to help the human condition. A general concern about the welfare of our neighbors is not exclusive to God. Not every action is based solely off of a person’s morals. There are many reasons people decide to do things and we cannot judge a person’s moral standing off of a single action. We do not look at Adolf Hitler and say that he is a great moral figure because he believed in God. On the same note we do not look at Bill Gates, a non-believer and say that he is immoral. We look at their actions over time and determine whether or not they acted morally. We know that killing millions of innocent people is immoral; just as we know that helping sick and injured people is moral. Which God you believe in determines what you consider to be moral. Muslims agree that polygamy is acceptable. Protestants and the Jewish believe divorce is acceptable if certain conditions are met. Catholics are strictly against both polygamy and divorce. Which God is morally right? All of these groups worship the same God, so perhaps it is the translation of the word of God that is in question. When we look at this we begin to have a better understanding that God’s contradictory words could bring the thought of what is moral crumbling down. There are many controversial moral endorsements in the bible that are accepted today. There are also commands given that are ignored because they are no longer socially accepted as truth. Exodus 20:13 says we must not kill. However, Leviticus 20:13 tells us that if a man lies with another man he must be put to death. There are many debates and arguments over whether homosexuality is moral, but we overlook the second part of the scripture because it is no longer held as a valid punishment. The times have changed and we cannot murder or we will go to jail. Leviticus 19:19 says it is a sin to wear clothes made from two different types of material. You will be hard pressed to find anyone backing up this claim today. (King James Bible) Many religious people have chosen scripture from the bible to suit their lifestyles over the years, but ignore things that are no longer socially accepted as immoral. They hold others to strict standards on matters that they do not agree on and use verses from the bible to support their viewpoint. If everyone used the internal right versus wrong approach to morality there would be less confusion on which standards we held each other to. It is unfair to condemn someone for something using half of a statement from the bible, and then ignore the rest of the statement because it does not agree with current beliefs. Our faith, lessons from our parents or even witnessing other people’s actions are different reasons to decide what we believe is moral. All three have flaws that can lead to differing views on the same subject. However, at the end of the day there are certain things that everyone accepts as morally right, or morally wrong. These are situations where it does not matter how you learned it, you just know it. Biblical teachings tell us that certain things are acceptable, while others are punishable by death. But in the legal society of America acting on the acceptable things will land you in prison, and the immoral sins are inalienable rights. Every day decisions are made across the world without having to consider if we will be punished by a higher being. These things prove that a person does not have to believe in God to act morally. A moral person is someone who not only understands the difference between right and wrong, but also does what is right. The lack of God in someone’s life doesn’t make a person immoral just as the presence of God does not make someone moral. Morality is not proven by a belief in God. References King James Bible Millard, A. (2000). How reliable is exodus? Biblical Archaeology Review, 26(4), 50-57. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/214908737? accountid=32521 Mosser, K. (2011). Logic an introduction. San Diego: Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Riskin, S. (2007). Ten commandments audience? Washington Jewish Week. Retrieved from http://search. proquest. com/docview/220857354? accountid=32521.

Latin Captions Project :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kyle Black Picture Captions Project Page 1: This picture shows daily life inside the home of Cornelius Rufus in Pompeii. It has people performing various activities and the pillars are painted red to hide fingerprints. Page3: All official business was conducted in the Roman Forum. After a roman patronus received his clients, he would go to the Forum for business. Page 5: This picture of the atrium at the House of the Faun at Pompeii had a funnel-shaped roof designed so that rainwater would drain into the impluvium. You can see the peristylum in the background, which had a garden and a fountain. Page 8: Servants and children gather around the well to exchange news and get fresh water. The pillars are also painted red in this picture. Page 11: The family unit was important in ancient Rome. If a family didn’t have a son, they would adopt a son to carry on the family name. Many famous Romans, such as Augustus Caesar were adopted. Page 16: Children were taught to read at an early age. Roman books were papyrus rolled into scrolls. Page 18: The Vestal Virgins had enormous prestige. They were chosen by patricians and introduced at the ages of six and ten. They served for 30 years. In the picture, they Virgins tended their sacred fire, which cannot go out. Page 20: Livia Prusilla was the second wife of Augustus and the mother of Tiberius, Augustus’ successor. During her husband’s reign, she became her counselor and gracefully ran his domestic life. Page 21: Women were responsible for the early education of their children and also got together to plan parties and celebrations. This picture is of the women’s domestic activities. Page 23: Augustus was the first emperor of the Julio-Claudian line. He well understood the importance of propaganda. So, he encouraged the leading writers and poets to glorify Rome’s and Augustus’ achievements in their works. Page 24: Virgil was one of Rome’s finest poets. He wrote the Ecogues, the Georgies, and the famous Aeneid. Page 27: This is a picture of Tablets containing the Laws of the Twelve Tables. They were put together in the 5th century B.C. The laws include many rules and procedures on various topics. Page 30: The Roman Forum was the area where business and political speeches were made. Because of this, they put the Twelve Tables here for everyone to see as a reference. With this, plebeians were guaranteed fairness. Page 33: The Roman Senate was very powerful.

Choices – creative writing

Life is full of choices. Kelly, my best friend, made many choices; life altering choices. It sculpted the rest of her entire life. I, Karmen, was standing by her. Whatever happened to her. She was the only girl I had ever known who had the ability to hurt me, make me cry, make me loathe her, but still deep down, let me love her. Of course in this day and age some mocked our friendship; perceived it as something more. However, only we knew what we meant to each other. She was my life; she was like a sister to me. Our friendship undeniably was not the easiest, but whose is? Despite all of this, I loved Kelly Mainers more than anything in my life. Let me start from the beginning. Seven years to the day, I met Kelly. It was a cloudless day, at the beginning of September, it was apparent by the looks on everyone's faces that none of us wanted to be there. The weather was showing no signs of cooling, so it felt like we were attending school in the middle of summer. I noticed this girl waving her parents good bye at the gates of Whitmore Girls. She had a thought provoking face. Long brown hair outlined her heart shaped face, and her vivid bright green eyes were the focus. She caught me staring and smiled, I did the same. We were eleven and young, fresh out of junior school, we just thought of each other as people to talk to. After a while our friendship deepened. We had instantly clicked. Neither of us had brothers or sisters, so we filled that void in each other's lives. We were mocked at school for constantly being together. No one would ever catch us without the other, and when they did, they knew something serious must be happening. The years passed, as we grew older, our friendship grew stronger. However, at around 15, gradually our personalities began to differ. Kelly was into boys, make-up and clothes, whereas I was into music, food and television. We still conversed, but the spark that we had encountered at the beginning of our friendship just was not there anymore. We did not feel the need to be around each other constantly. It was sad, and we both had noticed it, but we did not let it jeopardise the little communication we had left with each other. We both acquired more friends outside our own friendship, which in a way helped me, but not Kelly. Kelly's new friends influenced her in a way that I can only describe as detrimental. I was inclined to call them the â€Å"Shriek† crew, due to their incessant screeching whenever they spotted a member of the opposite sex. They turned Kelly into mini clones of themselves, which I am sure you can guess, was not a good thing. After much deliberation, one Saturday at the beginning of the summer holidays, 15 and free, I gave in and agreed to go out with Kelly. I usually tried to avoid doing this in case one of the â€Å"shriek† crew decided to tag along. After a long time, it was just the two of us. Looking back, it was the last time that Kelly and I had spent some real quality time together. We spent that whole afternoon just talking. We caught up on everything, I felt like I was getting to know her all over again. She had changed a lot, but deep down I knew she was still Kelly. The Kelly I ‘chose' to be my best friend all those years ago. I had had one of the best days of my life, so obviously something had to come and spoil it. Just our luck, it was Karl, Karl Daniels. It was obvious to anyone who laid their eyes on him that he was good looking. Consequently, this boy was classed as Whitmore Boys finest specimen. I can still recall the effect that Karl had on Kelly and me when we first saw him. We were walking and I noticed him first. I stopped dead in my tracks; he literally took my breath away, all clichis aside. He had an utterly captivating face. After this day, Karl became the focus of all our attention. He was the type of boy that girls lusted after and a select few actually got. Some spent their lives throwing themselves at him. I had personally fawned over Karl for quite some time. However, soon his effect on me died down. Kelly, on the other hand, had a completely different take on this. As she grew older, her lust for him grew stronger. It was seven o'clock, and Kelly and I were still out and about on our â€Å"Bonding Session† when Karl called out to us, â€Å"So, you two wana come my way? † I scowled quietly. Kelly, right on cue, giggled and tossed her hair. She had switched into flirting mode. â€Å"Hey Karl, you all right? † Kelly simpered, as a wide slow grin spread over her perfect features. â€Å"Uh-huh, so what you saying? You two guna come? It's this massive party down at my yard, love it if you could be there,† Karl replied. Blatantly he was only asking me to come along out of politeness. This was a regular occurrence: the guys chat Kelly up whilst I sit on the by lines watching, and assume the nickname ‘moody bitch'. Nothing new there. Kelly looked pleadingly at me, and I gave her one of my ‘don't even think of asking me, you know what my answer is, do what the hell you want' looks. She seemed displeased. â€Å"Karl, I'd love to come you know that, but it looks like my friend isn't in the party mood, and would rather I didn't go, sorry,† Kelly stated. My heart went out to her, she had fancied this boy for ages and she was doing this all for me. However, Karl, being a boy, persisted further, â€Å"What? She your mum now? Who says you have to go with her? You can come with me girl. Trust, you'll have fun with me too! † Karl responded winking at her. That small insignificant gesture made Kelly's mind up instantaneously. With a few rushed apologies she sauntered off, arms linked with the â€Å"sex god† of year 11. She had picked Karl over me, a twinge of pain swept through my body. I was aware she fancied him but she could have at least tried to persuade me to accompany her. Little did she know that going to the party would change the course of her whole life; she could do nothing to stop it. It was the first day back to school from the summer holidays. I was late, and was darting around trying to get to my new form room. I had not spoken to Kelly for four weeks since that day she chose Karl over me. Neither of us had bothered to pick up the phone to each other during this time. However, Kelly was the kind of girl I tended to call a sporadic caller, i. e. they only call when they want something! Personally, I thought it should be Kelly's duty to do this especially as she was the one that left me that serene Saturday. Things like this rarely traversed Kelly's mind. My mobile bleeped and said â€Å"four messages received†. All of them were from Kelly begging me to find her in the school toilets. As usual, Kelly called and I ran to her side. I made a slight detour on the way to my form room and found Kelly sitting on a toilet. The door was ajar, and I found Kelly crying hysterically. I was at a complete loss. I did not know what to do; why was she so upset? Kelly's sobbing ceased momentarily, whilst she urged herself to talk, â€Å"Karmen, I have something to tell you and please don't interrupt me for once, I just want to come out with it†¦ I'm pregnant. † I was gaping at her; it was like a bombshell. Kelly looked so vulnerable; I wanted to reach out and hug her. Suddenly something snapped in me; I could not put my finger on it but in a space of a second, everything had changed. Something was stopping me reaching out and touching my best friend. Why? She again burst into full-fledged tears and I just could not bring myself to console her, it was impossible. I tried to reach out and touch her arm but it was as if an invisible string was holding me back, making me keep my distance from her. I am not sure why this piece of news had such an effect on me. I think it was because deep down I wanted Kelly to realise for herself that the people that she hung out with were wrong for her. The old Kelly would not just up and leave and go out with a boy that she hardly knew. â€Å"The eyes are the windows to your soul,† Kelly had said to me five years ago. Until now, I had never understood what she meant, but she was right. When I was staring into her eyes, I could feel every facet of emotion she had in her. I was scared for Kelly. What would her destiny be 15 and expecting? â€Å"Whose baby is it then? † I asked, mentally running through the string of boys that we were acquainted with. Karl's,† she replied with a sniff. I studied her face intent on getting the truth, but Kelly made this task very easy for me – â€Å"Look Karmen, I don't see the point in being in denial, Karl raped me ok? I know what you're going to say ‘I told you, you shouldn't have gone with him in the first place blah blah blah'. I know i t was entirely my fault and I know you think it is to. We were making our way to the party and he was being so nice. Treating me well. Before I was drunk at the party, I didn't really know anyone, so I hung around with him. One thing led to another and was kissing him, nothing more. I went and hung out with some of the â€Å"shriek† crew and that was all right. Then a couple of hours later, Karl came up to me. His breath stank of alcohol and he tried to kiss me. I pushed him away. However, in the end I just could not help it, I liked him so much and I gave in to temptation. I was in his room and we were just talking,† Kelly again broke down into tears, I let her cry it out, but she started to talk again. â€Å"I am an idiot I was kinda drunk; I didn't even know what I was doing, let alone when, where and how. I doubt I even enjoyed it. I mean I liked him yeah, but not enough to do something like that with him. I don't know, I lost my virginity to him and I didn't even want to. He was so rough, and his eyes were evil. It was as if a different Karl had taken over. He wasn't the same sweet, innocent faced boy that I had fancied for so long. I am such a mess, and I am so sorry I didn't ring you. I did not know what to do with myself; I've been a nervous wreck. Seriously Karmen, as a mate, I need to know that you'll be here, right beside me. † What could I say? After hearing all that, the invisible string that was holding me back let go. Apart from anything else, I managed to give her some degree of solace. I doubt I alleviated any of her pain but I did my best. Something that really bugged me was the fact that she did not seem too bothered about Karl raping her. Rape, the dictionary defines it as a) if a man rapes a woman, he violently forces her to have sex with him against her will b) rape is the act or crime of raping a woman. The next day, Kelly talked for two hours straight, and I just listened. Listened to what she had to say and how she felt. It was her time and not mine. I came out of it feeling different. Different as in doubtful but not once did Kelly speak about how she had been violated by Karl. I thought a lot over the next few days. I recalled all the conversations that Kelly and I had had about Karl (which was quite a few). All the evidence pointed to the fact that Kelly wanted this to happen. Not that it was pre-meditated or anything, more that she wasn't bothered about the fact that she had been violated and her virginity had been lost to a terrible crime like rape. It would make sense, I mean she had always fancied him, and I was positive that her feelings for him were more physical than anything else. She was not so much upset about the fact that he raped her, more the fact that she was pregnant. I mean obviously the suspicions that I had were not rock solid, but they felt right. A few months passed, I consciously distanced myself from Kelly. Not that she had noticed, of course. She got a lot of teasing when her bump started to become prominent, but those people soon refrained from this when she began coming out with her version of the ‘truth'. She was basking in the glory of being one of the only girls to lose their virginity in year 11. However, what she called basking, I called bragging. She was bragging that she had had sex with Karl. What was she? Did she not realise what she was saying? I only caught snippets of her conversations but I was quite sure what I had heard was true. Kelly was claiming to the rest of the class that Karl did not rape her, but that she was the consenting party in this. This just consolidated my suspicions. My best friend was a liar. â€Å"Yeah, I know. He looked too buff that night. He was so sweet. I'm glad my first time was with him,† I heard Kelly say. Since when had rapists been sweet? It was not that I was eavesdropping; more determination determined to unveil the truth. â€Å"Seriously! Yeah I heard from someone that you got off with him that night! How was it? You're such a lucky bitch, us lot would all kill to be with Karl! † the unknown gossip hungry girl said. â€Å"Look, I ain't the type of girl who kisses and tells you know! You wana know what went on, you have to ask him,† clearly Kelly was avoiding the question. So, did this mean she was raped? I mean at the beginning of the conversation, it sounded like she had wanted this to happen; am I right? However, towards the end, it was the complete opposite to that. I had concluded that if I was going to get my answers, there were two things that I needed to do and have a) courage and b) confront her. Eventually, I did muster up enough courage to confront her. The thought of Kelly hiding all her pain from people was hurting me. Did she not trust others with her secret? Obviously the paranoid side of me kicked in and I thought that maybe she had not been raped, and it was all a ploy to get attention from me. I mean we had grown apart but lying about something so serious, that was uncalled for. Therefore, the purpose of the conversation was to get the truth, the real truth from what they call the ‘horse's mouth'. In a way, deep down, at that time, I thought I knew the truth, I just needed to hear it for myself. Kelly, did Karl rape you or not? I don't understand, you came to me and told me that he had raped you, and at the very same time you're bragging to all your other friends that Karl had had sex with you. I'm sure you can see how I feel; I am confused and I can't help it you're sending me mixed messages. Were you raped or weren't you? Did you want him to? Is that why you went telling the whole year how you got off with him? You disgust me you know that; to even think that I spent time thinking of you, hoping it would all get better; whilst you're sitting here weaving all your lies. † She was silent. For once in her entire life, Kelly had no comeback for me. She had not taken her eyes off me for five minutes straight. None of us had uttered a word, just exchanged menacing looks. She offered me no explanation, and just before she walked off, she told me â€Å"Maybe if you came with me to the party this wouldn't have happened, you thought about that Karmen? † â€Å"Typical Kelly, can't face up to anything can you, so you shift the blame onto someone else. You've been found out and you can't handle it,† I shouted after her. I watched the back of my ‘best friend' as she walked away and realised we were the complete opposite of that. We had changed so much along the way; I hardly knew who she was anymore. I could not take it. Why should I have to be responsible for all the mistakes that she makes? She had the audacity to say that it was my fault she got pregnant because I didn't go to the party with her. I could not just be there at her disposal all the time, day in and day out. There was a time when I considered Kelly as my one and only best friend. I had moved on. This girl was some kind of alien to me. I was physically disgusted with her. I had considered her my own flesh and blood and now she was having a baby. The old Karmen would have stood by her, but not now, she was on her own. I had decided that I was going to make a stand for myself, see how she could handle her life without me. As evil as I must sound by saying this, it was all-true. My capricious friend had her comeuppance, and to some extent, I was glad. With hindsight, I regretted doing this. I did not realise how much my words had affected her, how much me not being there for her had done to her. A few short months after the confrontation, I had not heard or seen Kelly around. According to gossip, she had had a baby girl. Kelly's mum left countless messages for me on my answering machine everyday, begging me to come and visit her. Her last few messages started to become a bit more desperate and personal. Kelly had postnatal depression; she was rejecting the baby. That was Kelly all right; she could not face up to anything, not even something as serious as this. A few days after Kelly's mum's message about her postnatal depression, I received a letter from Kelly – Dear Karmen, Letters, don't you find they are the best form of communication? Remember when we used to write letters to each other day in and day out. I still have all of them you know, they mean so much to me, please don't ever forget that. This may be the last letter I will ever be writing, to you, or anyone else. Do you remember the first day of Whitmore? I smiled at you, you smiled back. From that moment onwards I knew that we were meant to be friends, we clicked you know? I knew that you were the only one like me in that hellhole. To this day, I stand by that comment. Do you remember the days when we were literally obsessed with Karl, and we spent the whole day looking for his house? Took us ages, but we persevered and found it. Since you have stopped talking to me, my whole world has literally crashed around me. Have you forgotten all the good times that we spent together? I haven't. I sat in bed last night, just thinking about all the times we've spent in each other's company; sitting on the terrace, contemplating on life. Those were some of the best days of my life. I miss that; in fact, I miss you. My life feels like nothing without you by my side. I know people were always commenting about how close we were for just friends, but was and still is true, we are more than friends. I consider you as a sister. I will be the first one to admit, that the â€Å"shriek† crew were some of the people that thought we were more than that. I told them otherwise. I stood up to them Karmen, that was something you always said I couldn't do. I found this in a book†¦ Don't walk in front of me, I may not follow Don't walk behind me, I may not lead Just walk beside me and be my friend When the whole Karl raping me thing happened, I didn't know what the hell to do. I felt so violated by him, but I couldn't tell anyone. Everyone had been at the party and seen what had happened, they all just thought I'd got a bit carried away and slept with him. But, it wasn't like that. You should have seen his face when he did it, it was so indelicate. I cried for days on end after it had happened. To make it worse, the â€Å"shriek† crew all assumed that I had wanted it to happen with him. Yes, I was physically attracted to Karl, but not to the extent that I felt I needed to lose my virginity to him. It stung when you insinuated that I had lied to you, when I had not. You confronted me that day and I blamed you for this happening to me, I realise I shouldn't have. It was your choice not to come with me, and now, looking back, I wished I had not gone either. As usual, I felt I needed someone to blame for my actions, but you weren't the one. All I wanted was for someone to tell me, â€Å"Kelly, it wasn't your fault†, but no one did. I thought I had to put up a front for the â€Å"shriek† crew. I didn't want to be known as the freak that was raped. Besides, I know them better than you do; they were overtly laughing that time when Chrissy got raped by that university guy. How would I tell them this? So, as usual to get out of it, I spun my intricate web of lies to get out of the predicament. I wasn't lying to you; you are the one person in my life I would never dream of deceiving. Karmen, I trust you with my life. Do you know what kept me going that day and night? No? That I could tell you and you could give me the support that I needed. I did not need the â€Å"shriek† crew if you were there by my side. Where were you Karmen? Where were you when I needed you most? I had my baby, where were you then? I called and called you for days on end, why didn't you ring me back? I love you so much, and the one time in my life I needed you, you just were not there. Was this some kind of punishment for the ways I've treated you in the past? I didn't deserve that. I had just been raped by a guy that I had fancied for ages and you were punishing me, I could not comprehend. When I told Karl that I was pregnant with his baby, he literally told me â€Å"Well, that's your fault, leave me alone and stop telling people the baby is mine. † Can you even begin to imagine how I felt? I had been raped by him. Foolishly, assuming that he had an iota of decency in him, he would help me; obviously he didn't. I rang you so you would know what I called my baby – Karmen. Do you know why I called her that? Because when baby Karmen grew up, I wanted her to be just like you. A strong, good person, not like her mother. I rejected baby Karmen, I had postnatal depression, and did you come and see me then? Numerous times my mum left messages on your phone for you to visit me, and did you? Did it cross your mind to talk to the girl that you spent the better part of you life with? I better cut to the chase; I know how you hate long letters. I can't take life anymore Karmen. I just cannot take it. It's such a mess, baby Karmen I did not and still do not want her, and I doubt I ever will. I love her, but I cannot outwardly show my love. How do you think that makes me feel? Every night she sits and cries and I can't go anywhere near her. I'm afraid of what I could potentially do to her. What Karl did to me affected me psychologically in a way I doubt anyone will ever understand. To some extent, not even I understand why I'm feeling this way. I don't think the true effect of the rape really hit me until after I had Karmen. Before that I had comprehended with the fact that I had been raped, I just had not had time to get over it. I'm a weak person Karmen, all this pressure I cannot deal with. Without you, I had no one to offload my worries and problems onto. No one to talk it all out with. Now you're not here for me, I don't see the point in living. I want to die. It's not just one of my phases, I've been feeling suicidal for quite some time. Only now have I built up the courage to do something about my life, and my choice is to end it. This is the last letter you will ever be receiving from me, and the last time you will be hearing from me in general. So, I just want to say – â€Å"You were like a sister to me Karmen, the child that my parents didn't have but always wanted. You are irreplaceable, and I know some other girl will take my place as your best friend. Being the kind hearted person that you are, you will be equally good to them as you were to me. I thank you so much for all you did for me in the time that I have known you. I love you Karmen, and whether I am dead or alive, nothing is going to change that. I am sorry I'm leaving it this way, I wish I didn't have to, but I feel I no longer have any other choice. Goodbye Karmen, I love you with all my heart. † Kelly x P. S. You always said that I have to be the one who the makes choices in my life. This is my choice. I choose not to be alive anymore. I chose to lie about Karl and all that. I control my life now that is what you always told me to do; I've done it Karmen. I have finally taken control of my life; it is all in my hands now. I read the letter; I was just numb and immobilised. My world had been instantly transformed. She had hung herself. As disrespectful as this must sound; I thought that if Kelly ever killed herself, she would take pills. However, she did not, she chose something that would hurt her, she did not take the easy way out for once. I mean hanging yourself is not exactly the most comfortable position. Kelly and I had both made many choices in our lives. Hers, however, were very drastic. It all started when she chose Karl over me. If she had not she probably would not be dead right now. The grief I was undergoing inside of me was overwhelming, all I could think of was â€Å"what if I had just gone with her to that party? † â€Å"What if I had just believed her and not confronted her that day? † â€Å"Returned all her phone calls†. All these questions were literally eating me alive. For the first time in my life, I felt guilty. It was terrible; it was like a wave of heat frequently swept over me. Every time this happened, I felt like being sick, I hated it; I wanted all this grief to go. The recollection of the letter brought tears to my eyes. What must she have been feeling when she wrote it? I was astounded †¦ she was gone, and I could not come to terms with it. The other day the â€Å"shriek† crew decided to confront me, they blamed me for her death. They are truly heartless. I had just lost a best friend and they were lecturing me about how I should not have ignored all her calls etc. What do they know? They were the downfall of Kelly, if she had just realised they were not the right sort of people she should have been hanging around with, she may have been alive at this moment in time. It was the day of her funeral. Kelly's parents were distraught; they could not fathom what made her do this. According to them, Kelly was always such a happy girl, and towards the end, she had shown no signs of feeling suicidal. Evidently, they were not the most observant parents. The last choice that I made concerning Kelly was to give the eulogy at her funeral. It was my last attempt to discern why, why I neglected her in the recent months. Then it came to me – it was my choice to.